Spasticity is a common and often challenging symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS causes lesions (damage) in the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord. These lesions lead to symptoms such as spasticity, characterized by stiff or tight muscles and involuntary muscle spasms that can be painful and hinder movement. More than 17,000 MyMSTeam members have reported experiencing spasticity. Fortunately, several options can help manage this symptom.

Baclofen, a muscle relaxant approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is commonly prescribed to treat muscle spasms, cramps, and tightness associated with MS and other conditions. This medication may also relieve pain and improve muscle control in people with MS-related spasticity. Baclofen is available under brand names including Fleqsuvy, Lioresal, Lyvispah, and Ozobax.

Oral baclofen is taken as a tablet or liquid solution. For severe spasticity, a doctor may recommend an intrathecal pump, also known as intrathecal baclofen therapy. In this procedure, a surgically implanted pump and catheter deliver baclofen directly into the spinal canal for continuous relief.

Although baclofen may offer relief, some MyMSTeam members have wondered whether it can cause weight gain. While weight gain is not typically listed as a side effect of baclofen, various MS-related factors can affect weight. Understanding what to expect when taking baclofen can help you feel more prepared to manage potential side effects. Read on for tips to help you feel your best while taking baclofen for MS spasticity.

Weight Gain Is Considered Uncommon With Baclofen

According to Mayo Clinic, weight gain is an uncommon or even rare side effect of taking baclofen. MedlinePlus doesn’t list weight gain as a side effect at all. Additionally, there is no evidence that baclofen causes water retention.

Within the MyMSTeam community, weight gain related to baclofen use does not appear to be a common experience. When one member asked others about weight gain while taking baclofen, many reported that they did not experience it:

• “I don’t recall any major side effects. I didn’t experience any weight gain.”
• “I take it nightly for back/leg spasms. … No weight gain but some nausea.”
• “I have been taking baclofen for about 14 years. The only side effect I had at first was tiredness.”

Another team member said, “I’ve noticed some weight gain. But it could be from something else.”

Although baclofen is unlikely to cause weight gain, concerns about weight changes are common with MS medications. Talk with your doctor if you’re concerned about your weight or possible side effects of your medications.

What Are the Common Side Effects of Baclofen?

While baclofen does not typically cause weight gain, other side effects are possible, including:

• Dizziness
• Confusion
• Weakness
• Nausea
• Headache
• Fatigue or drowsiness
• Constipation
• Sleep problems
• Frequent urination

It’s important to talk to your doctor or neurologist if you experience any of these side effects, especially if they persist, worsen, or interfere with your daily life. Avoid stopping baclofen suddenly, even if side effects are bothersome, and always seek medical advice first.

Abruptly stopping baclofen can lead to severe withdrawal effects, including increased muscle stiffness, fever, confusion, seizures, or hallucinations. If you and your doctor decide to discontinue baclofen, they will provide guidance on gradually and safely reducing the dose.

Although baclofen may help you with spasticity, it doesn’t work for everyone. Research shows that a significant number of people stop taking baclofen due to side effects or lack of effectiveness. Always inform your doctor of any unpleasant side effects, and ask if other treatments for spasticity might be worth considering.

Could Any Side Effects of Baclofen Contribute to Weight Gain?

Some common side effects of baclofen may indirectly impact weight by reducing physical activity. For instance, dizziness can cause balance issues that make it challenging to exercise safely. Fatigue and weakness, also common with baclofen, may make physical activity more difficult to manage.

Interestingly, research shows that physical activity may actually help reduce MS-related fatigue. Although it can feel difficult to get moving when you’re tired, gentle exercise may help boost your energy and decrease fatigue. Many people with MS find that low-impact activities like water exercise, yoga, and Pilates improve cardiovascular fitness, strength, and flexibility.

Symptoms of MS May Reduce Your Ability To Exercise

Muscle weakness and spasticity are common MS symptoms that can make exercise challenging. Medications like baclofen may help relieve spasticity, potentially making physical activity more comfortable.

Ask your health care team for personalized recommendations to help you stay active within your abilities. Physical activity can support healthy weight management and improve both your physical and mental well-being.

Always talk to a health care professional before beginning a new exercise program. Let them know whether you are experiencing side effects from medications, including baclofen. Your doctor can give you a referral to a physical therapist who can help you with an exercise routine that is appropriate for you.

What Else Causes Weight Gain in MS?

Weight gain is a common concern among people with MS, and many people wonder if the condition is to blame. There are many reasons someone with MS might gain weight. As one MyMSTeam member put it, “To be honest, I take so many prescription medications, I’m not sure which one would have helped with my weight gain. Of course, not being as physically active had something to do with it too.”

There may be several factors at play. Common causes of weight gain in MS include:

• Stress, anxiety, and depression
• Symptoms like spasticity, which can limit mobility and activity
• Medications (e.g., steroids) that treat MS relapses — If you’re experiencing unwanted side effects such as weight gain from one of your other MS medications, consider speaking with your doctor about switching treatments.

More than 23,000 MyMSTeam members have said they experience depression, which could bring on weight gain or weight loss. Be sure to talk to your doctor if you need help managing depression or other mood changes. They may refer you for mental health evaluation or counseling.

If you would like guidance on maintaining a healthy weight, consider asking your doctor about a referral to a registered dietitian. Additionally, if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, consult your doctor before taking baclofen.

Remember, you’re not alone in this experience. Many factors can influence weight when living with MS, and resources are available to help.

Talk With Others Who Understand

MyMSTeam is the social network for people living with MS and their loved ones. On MyMSTeam, more than 231,000 members come together to share their experiences and offer support to others.

Do you take baclofen and have concerns about weight gain? How have you managed common side effects of baclofen? MyMSTeam offers a place to share your experiences or ask for advice. Join today and share your thoughts in the comments below, or start the conversation on MyMSTeam.